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Showing posts with label Chemical News & Interesting - Periodic Table - Elements. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Chemical News & Interesting - Periodic Table - Elements. Show all posts

Periodic Table of the Elements - List of the Elements in order by Atomic Number

Periodic Table of the Elements - List of Elements of the Periodic Table
Home > Chemical News & Interesting > History of the Elements > Periodic Table of the Elements

Periodic Table of the Elements - List of the Elements and their History

Click an Element Name in the table in order to read its history.

 

Element Number
 Element Name
Symbol
Atomic Weight
M.P. (°C)
B.P.
(°C)
Electron
configuration
1
H
1.008
-259
-253
1s1
2
Helium
He
4.003
-272
-269
1s2
3
Lithium
Li
6.941
180
1,347
[He] 2s1
4
Beryllium
Be
9.012
1,278
2,970
[He] 2s2
5
Boron
B
10.811
2,300
2,550
[He] 2s2 2p1
6
Carbon
C
12.011
3,500
4,827
[He] 2s2 2p2
7
Nitrogen
N
14.007
-210
-196
[He] 2s2 2p3
8
Oxygen
O
15.999
-218
-183
[He] 2s2 2p4
9
Fluorine
F
18.998
-220
-188
[He] 2s2 2p5
10
Neon
Ne
20.180
-249
-246
[He] 2s2 2p6
11
Sodium
Na
22.990
98
883
[Ne] 3s1
12
Magnesium
Mg
24.305
639
1,090
[Ne] 3s2
13
Aluminum
Al
26.982
660
2,467
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
14
Silicon
Si
28.086
1,410
2,355
[Ne] 3s2 3p2
15
Phosphorus
P
30.974
44
280
[Ne] 3s2 3p3
16
Sulfur
S
32.065
113
445
[Ne] 3s2 3p4
17
Chlorine
Cl
35.453
-101
-35
[Ne] 3s2 3p5
18
Argon
Ar
39.948
-189
-186
[Ne] 3s2 3p6
19
Potassium
K
39.098
64
774
[Ar] 4s1
20
Calcium
Ca
40.078
839
1,484
[Ar] 4s2
21
Scandium
Sc
44.956
1,539
2,832
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
22
Titanium
Ti
47.867
1,660
3,287
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
23
Vanadium
V
50.942
1,890
3,380
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
24
Chromium
Cr
51.996
1,857
2,672
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
25
Manganese
Mn
54.938
1,245
1,962
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
26
Iron
Fe
55.845
1,535
2,750
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
27
Cobalt
Co
58.933
1,495
2,870
[Ar] 3d7 4s2
28
Nickel
Ni
58.693
1,453
2,732
[Ar] 3d8 4s2
29
Copper
Cu
63.546
1,083
2,567
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
30
Zinc
Zn
65.390
420
907
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
31
Gallium
Ga
69.723
30
2,403
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
32
Germanium
Ge
72.640
937
2,830
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
33
Arsenic
As
74.922
81
613
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3
34
Selenium
Se
78.960
217
685
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4
35
Bromine
Br
79.904
-7
59
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5
36
Krypton
Kr
83.800
-157
-153
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6
37
Rubidium
Rb
85.468
39
688
[Kr] 5s1
38
Strontium
Sr
87.620
769
1,384
[Kr] 5s2
39
Yttrium
Y
88.906
1,523
3,337
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
40
Zirconium
Zr
91.224
1,852
4,377
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
41
Niobium
Nb
92.906
2,468
4,927
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
42
Molybdenum
Mo
95.940
2,617
4,612
[Kr] 4d5 5s1
43
Technetium
Tc
98.000
2,200
4,877
[Kr] 4d5 5s2
44
Ruthenium
Ru
101.070
2,250
3,900
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
45
Rhodium
Rh
102.906
1,966
3,727
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
46
Palladium
Pd
106.420
1,552
2,927
[Kr] 4d10
47
Silver
Ag
107.868
962
2,212
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
48
Cadmium
Cd
112.411
321
765
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
49
Indium
In
114.818
157
2,000
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
50
Tin
Sn
118.710
232
2,270
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
51
Antimony
Sb
121.760
630
1,750
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3
52
Tellurium
Te
127.600
449
990
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4
53
Iodine
I
126.905
114
184
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5
54
Xenon
Xe
131.293
-112
-108
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6
55
Cesium
Cs
132.906
29
678
[Xe] 6s1
56
Barium
Ba
137.327
725
1,140
[Xe] 6s2
57
Lanthanum
La
138.906
920
3,469
[Xe] 5d1 6s2
58
Cerium
Ce
140.116
795
3,257
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
59
Praseodymium
Pr
140.908
935
3,127
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
60
Neodymium
Nd
144.240
1,010
3,127
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
61
Promethium
Pm
145.000
1,100
3,000
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
62
Samarium
Sm
150.360
1,072
1,900
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
63
Europium
Eu
151.964
822
1,597
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
64
Gadolinium
Gd
157.250
1,311
3,233
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
65
Terbium
Tb
158.925
1,360
3,041
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
66
Dysprosium
Dy
162.500
1,412
2,562
[Xe] 4f10 6s2
67
Holmium
Ho
164.930
1,470
2,720
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
68
Erbium
Er
167.259
1,522
2,510
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
69
Thulium
Tm
168.934
1,545
1,727
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
70
Ytterbium
Yb
173.040
824
1,466
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
71
Lutetium
Lu
174.967
1,656
3,315
[Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2
72
Hafnium
Hf
178.490
2,150
5,400
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
73
Tantalum
Ta
180.948
2,996
5,425
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2
74
Tungsten
W
183.840
3,410
5,660
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
75
Rhenium
Re
186.207
3,180
5,627
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
76
Osmium
Os
190.230
3,045
5,027
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
77
Iridium
Ir
192.217
2,410
4,527
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
78
Platinum
Pt
195.078
1,772
3,827
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
79
Gold
Au
196.967
1,064
2,807
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
80
Mercury
Hg
200.590
-39
357
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
81
Thallium
Tl
204.383
303
1,457
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
82
Lead
Pb
207.200
327
1,740
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
83
Bismuth
Bi
208.980
271
1,560
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
84
Polonium
Po
209.000
254
962
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
85
Astatine
At
210.000
302
337
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5
86
Radon
Rn
222.000
-71
-62
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6
87
Francium
Fr
223.000
27
677
[Rn] 7s1
88
Radium
Ra
226.000
700
1,737
[Rn] 7s2
89
Actinium
Ac
227.000
1,050
3,200
[Rn] 6d1 7s2
90
Thorium
Th
232.038
1,750
4,790
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
91
Protactinium
Pa
231.036
1,568
0
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
92
Uranium
U
238.029
1,132
3,818
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
93
Neptunium
Np
237.000
640
3,902
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
94
Plutonium
Pu
244.000
640
3,235
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
95
Americium
Am
243.000
994
2,607
[Rn] 5f7 7s2
96
Curium
Cm
247.000
1,340
0
97
Berkelium
Bk
247.000
986
0
98
Californium
Cf
251.000
900
0
99
Einsteinium
Es
252.000
860
0
100
Fermium
Fm
257.000
1,527
0
101
Mendelevium
Md
258.000
0
0
102
Nobelium
No
259.000
827
0
103
Lawrencium
Lr
262.000
1,627
0
104
Rutherfordium
Rf
261.000
0
0
105
Dubnium
Db
262.000
0
0
106
Seaborgium
Sg
266.000
0
0
107
Bohrium
Bh
264.000
0
0
108
Hassium
Hs
277.000
0
0
109
Meitnerium
Mt
268.000
0
0

 

Click an Element Name in the table in order to read its history. For the history of the hydrogen atom click the link below in the Relevant Posts.

 

 

Relevant Posts

History of the Hydrogen Atom H

Ionization Energy Periodic Table of the Elements

Atomic Radius Periodic Table of the Elements

Ionic Radius Periodic Table of the Elements

Electron Affinities Periodic Table of the Elements

Electronegativities Periodic Table of the Elements

 

 

References

  1. P. Parsons & G. Dixon "The Periodic Table”, Quercus, 2014
  2. David W. Oxtoby, H.P. Gillis, Alan Campion, “Principles of Modern Chemistry”, Sixth Edition, Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2008
  3. Steven S. Zumdahl, “Chemical Principles”  6th Edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2009

 

Key Terms

periodic table, list of the elements of the periodic table, electron configuration of the elements, history of the elements of the periodic table, element name, element symbol

Αναρτήθηκε από K.G.K. (Quality Editions) στις 7:47 PM 0 σχόλια
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History of the Hydrogen Atom H

History of the Hydrogen Atom H
Home > Chemical News & Interesting > History of the Elements > Hydrogen

What is the History of the Hydrogen Atom?

°
Atomic Number: 1 Category: Non - Metals
Atomic Weight : 1.00794 Melting Point: -259 °C
Phase: Gas Boiling Point: - 253 °C
Color: Colorless Isolated: Henry Cavendish (1766)

 

The English chemist Henry Cavendish (1731-1810) first isolated pure hydrogen. He observed bubbles of gas rising from a reaction of iron filings in dilute sulfuric acid. He collected the gas and found it to be highly flammable and very light: qualities that made the gas seem unusual. He was also the first person to prove that when hydrogen burned it formed water. Because the element produces water when burned in air, the French chemist Lavoisier gave it the name hydrogen, which means "water producer" (from the Greek: hydro (water υδρο) and gennao (to produce γενναω).

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe (88% of all atoms). It is the lightest of all the elements with 1 proton and 1 electron. It is the nuclear fuel consumed by our Sun and other stars to produce energy. At the Sun’s center, the temperature is around 15 million °C and the density is 200 kilograms per liter. In such conditions, hydrogen participates in a nuclear process and form helium nuclei, emitting huge amounts of energy.

At standard temperature and pressure (STP), hydrogen is a colorless and odorless gas that exists in the diatomic form H2 (“diatomic” meaning that it consists of two atoms). In this form, hydrogen easily combines with oxygen, to forms water that fills the seas, rivers, lakes and clouds. Combined with carbon, it helps to bond the cells of living beings. Hydrogen is also an important part of petroleum, startch, fats, cellulose, alcohols, acids. In Figure I.1 below hydrogen is evolved (bubbles) when Zn metal reacts with hydrochloric acid.

Hydrogen is a commercially important substance. Today, around 70 million tons of hydrogen are produced yearly and large quantities go into fertilizer production. Nitrogen and hydrogen are used as part of the Haber–Bosch process, which uses natural gas and air to create ammonia—an important raw material in fertilizer production.

Hydrogen is also used to manufacture methanol, CH3OH, via the catalytic reaction of CO and H2 at high pressure and temperature.

 

Figure I.1: Zn metal reacting with HCl acid. The bubbles formed is hydrogen gas

Hydrogen is also used as a rocket fuel. Combustion of hydrogen - oxygen mixtures is commonly used in liquid-fuel rocket engines such as those of the space shuttles.

 

 

Relevant Posts

Lewis Structures|Octet Rule: A Simple Method to write Lewis Structures

 

 

 

References

  1. P. Parsons & G. Dixon "The Periodic Table”, Quercus, 2014
  2. David W. Oxtoby, H.P. Gillis, Alan Campion, “Principles of Modern Chemistry”, Sixth Edition, Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2008
  3. Steven S. Zumdahl, “Chemical Principles”  6th Edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2009

 

Key Terms

hydrogen, element, proton, history of hydrogen, Henry Cavendish, diatomic form of H, Haber-Bosch process, fertilizers, molecular orbital theory,

Αναρτήθηκε από K.G.K. (Quality Editions) στις 3:45 AM 0 σχόλια
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